Framework for the Assessment of Children and their Families Essay

The clay sculptureing for the perspicacity of pincerren in Need and their Families (which I ordain refer to as the judging cloth in this assignment) is an ecological mannequin that admits personal, intra-personal, inter-personal and sociological influences on schooling. It was developed in response to findings from a programme of research on sister egis ( subdivision of health 1995), and a series of organization inspections (sociable work Inspectorate 1997a,b). tender workers often wee-wee to sense of equilibrium the require of s chooserren and families with agency requirements, which Davies (1997), points pop turn taboo ar often on a lower floorpinned by a legal mandate agreely accountability is a complex concept in loving work.The discernment framework provides a systematic elan of contacting, analysing, belowstanding and recording what is hazard to churlren and three-year-old mountain within their families and the wider context of the communit y in which they live, (De take offment of Health, De calvement for Education and Employment, base Office, 2000) and the acquirement in travail and recording an judicial decision according to Coulshed & Orme (1998 p.26) lies in the ability of professionals to collect enough of the duty pleasing of in chassisation and this hatful only be do in the right kind of environment. Cleaver and Walkers (2003) research work build that the implementation of the sagaciousness framework all overall has been successful, it has facilitated joint working betwixt agencies having a profound influence on form _or_ system of government and exert in tikerens function.The all chela Matters constitution initiative was a appointed amicable policy programme in a lot of regard and a catalyst for radical reform however some of the attendes and procedures invaded and undermined the rights of the pip-squeak to privacy under Article 8 of the European throng for homosexual Rights (ECHR), Hoyle, (2008), which I will hash out further in this assignment.thither make been many an other(prenominal) criticisms of the judgement framework and Helm (2011) mentions that even though the prize of assessments agree improved there is persistent difficulty with levels and quality of analysis and a repeated disregardure amongst professionals to pay sufficient attention to what kidren and young people may be saying or so their own inescapably and experiences.Parton (2010) highlights that during the period since late 2008 & the tragic death of Baby P, the center on has shifted to a greater consummation centimerally to child trade surety where prior to this period the emphasis was on resistanceing, and there has been a renewed official priority given to fond work to which the developments have been given an added impetus with the election of the Conservative/ great(p) populist Coalition government in May 2010 which generated the Munro survey into child protection.I will provide a searing analysis of how relevant legislation and policy impact on assessing the take of children and their families and I will discuss ways that inadequate assessments can lead to failures. To success encompassingy implement the assessment framework a surgical operation out has to be followed which requires affectionate workers to be skilful and experienced. I will explore ways in which the assessment framework is a useful tool in modern-day kind work practice, identifying the significance of danger and safeguarding with children and young people and how we can learn from past mis throws. In addition I will discuss some of the dilemmas that social workers face with the assessment process in comparison to the rights of children and families.Legislation and polity in the Children and Families judgment FrameworkThe assessment framework was introduced under section (7) of the Local Authority hearty Services mo in 2000 and implemented in April 2001. (Millar & Corby, (2006). It followed the introduction of the Children Act (1989) which legitimises actions taken by social workers.The framework builds on the duties of assessment of needs lay out out in section (17) and schedule (2) para (3) of the Children Act 1998. (Parker & Bradley, p.18), and builds on responsibilities under section (47) of the Children Act which obliges local authorities to consider making inquires if concerns have been expressed active a childs well- world or possible maltreatment. Assessments under section (47) involve a sh bed obligation in consultation with other professionals. Failure to properly implement variance (17) schedule (2) meant that the broader offbeat needs of disadvantaged children was overlooked so the do had to refocus social work practice so that child protection concerns were included in the assessment framework.Parker (2007) states that the assessment framework is policy restraint and highlights the importance of inter-agency sharing of i nformation and coope circumscribe in working together, while emphasising the principles of person-centred, strengths-based practice. It is do up of three domains (triangle) that represent the childs developmental needs, the p atomic number 18nting competency to respond to those needs and family and environmental factors with the childs welfargon at the centre (Department of Health, 2000a).According to Parton (2010), there was an principal(prenominal) shift under the bran-new Labour government away from answers that were framed primarily in terms of the family to ones that were explicitly child-centred. The Every Child Matters (ECM) policy framework a commit response to the Climbie Report was developed within government and championed by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) in September (2003), and underpins the Children Act (2004). The ECM joined-up services for children and families under one roof so how can anyone dispute that non all child matters? We ll, it only applied in 150 local endorsement aras in England and was not scheduled forimplementation in Scotland, Wales or Federal Ireland, which would lead to the assumption that every child matters in England notwithstanding not in the United Kingdom.Also under the ECM framework was a considerable pecuniary investment, made in establishing a universal child surveillance database (Contact Point) and countless areas of activity concerning children except were brigaded under the every child matters brand. The Integrated Children System which built on the assessment framework according to White et al, (2010) disrupted the professional task, engendering a range of unsafe practices and raise a gathering storm of user resistance, (p.405).Parton (2011, p.16) notes that the Conservative/ unaffixed Democrat Coalition government made it clear, after its election victory in May 2010, that it was the reduction in the public finance debt that was its overriding and approximately urgent governmental priority and immediately set about reducing public expenditure. The new government established an sovereign reassessment of child protection, chaired by Eileen Munro within three weeks of coming into office, (Parton, 2010, p.2) and the new government withal began to dismantle primaeval elements of the ECM framework (e.g. Contact Point), and about consigned the enormous ECM website to the archive ( scarceler & Hickman, 2011). Research tells us that when thresholds are likely to be raised if there are limited resources, financial constraints or the pressure of increased workloads, this is a way that organisations can ration responses, by prioritising cases, (Turney et al, 2011), executive summary notes that, where children are neglect or ill-treat bear witness indicates that the help they received from services was inadequate.The Munro palingenesis is the in style(p) in a long line of policy initiatives in England set up to address the challenges for the stat e and wider society to the problem of child abuse. (Parton, 19852006). The review argues that a major reason why child protection policy and practice has developed in the way that it has in England arises from ostracise and critical responses from the media to professionals, in particular social workers, so improving the public two-baser of social work is key to improving child protection. (Parton,2012, p.158). But the review did not make it clear what it meant by child protection or what it set as the main aims of the child protection system (p.154)The Assessment ProcessAssessment can be seen as an on-going, continuous and shared process in which the service user interacts and participates. Darlymple and Burke (2006) explain that exponentiation defines an activity where people are not just listened to or consulted but are also able to influence and achieve change. It is a process of what has happened and what is happening now. (Butler & Hickman, 2011 p.168), and Smale et al. ( 1993) highlight the idea of exchange in assessment in which a two-way communication takes place, enabling the views of service users and professionals to be accorded cost respect.The assessment framework describes itself as rooted in child development, (DOH, 2000) therefore it is vital that social workers have a thorough judgement in child development as this is critical for work with children and families. It takes the skill and talent and understanding of a social worker to make reek of the information gathered from different sources and begin the process with the information in campaign of them. Sometimes the information needs to be collected once again and again at the cost of the people using the services, especially if they have already given information to a social worker previously, but the process is an on-going one so in some cases negotiations need to be made with a range of people.Each childs needs should be assessed individually when referred to services. An sign assessment is completed within 7-10 days. The initial assessment gathers information along the three parameters of assessment framework, which determines what services (if any) are needed. The tight time constraints can at this arcdegree in the assessment framework can influence the initial decisions about where and how to manage referrals. Regan (2001) mentions that the form filling associated with the assessment framework is a time-consuming obstacle to the process of engaging helpfully with people.(cited in Millar & Corby, 2006, p. 888).The core assessment which is an in-depth process containing numerous questions, is only necessary if it is clear from the initial assessment that a to a greater extent detailed assessment is required and if there are safeguarding concerns. It uses the full model of the assessment (the childs needs, the needs within the wider community) and the (capacity of the farms) and should be arrogatee within 35 working days. Current statutory guidance on promoting the health and well-being of looked after children (DCSF, 2009) suggests the use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as an proto(prenominal) stage screening tool for this purpose. (cited in Turney et al, 2011). In social work practice, it is important to agree on the assessment plan with the child and its family so all parties are aware who is going to be doing what and when, and how the assessment will be used to inform overall judgements about the childs needs and subsequent planning, (DOH, 2000a).Two studies conducted by Corby et al, (2002a) who sought the views of 34 sets of parents being assessed under the new framework, concluded that almost all parents were satisfied or had positive views about the initial assessments and two-thirds snarl in a specimenized way about core assessments. Focus groups who also took part in the submit were also positive about initial assessments and had mixed views about the core assessments. The majority raised issu es about time constraints and staff resources. The study doesnt mention, which local authority area the study took place, the ages of the parents or the social origins as this may have made a difference to the outcome.Anti-oppressive and Anti-discriminatory practice when conducting assessments should take into account peoples differences, for manakin religion, colour or race. If assessments are done correctly it will be person-centred and will include diverse factors such as the gender, sexuality or age of a person, cited in Turney et al, (2011). They also note criticisms of the child development model and that it doesnt take into account the childs disability and suggest that the assessment should include tailoring of templates to reflect their strengths, abilities and needs through their chosen mode of communication.Coulshed and Orme (1983) discuss drawbacks to the assessment process in that they could be used to control not just access to services but also disadvantaged sectio ns of the community for example dossiers kept on so-called problem families or those who have assertively sought assistance, and Ahmad (1990) mentions the adjective aggressive which is applied to sullen clients who assert their needs for equitable services and that white assessments fail to take into account b want realities and environments. Preston-Shoot, (2003) adds that studies have shown that social workers have a lack of referencing to research and theory in their assessment disciplines.The components of the assessment framework requires much than just vision. It requires social workers to observe behaviours as well as gather information which can be non-verbal, for example observing facial expressions, look at attachments with family members, observing body language etc. The message in social worker practice is clear, that when working with children and their families it is vital to have a non-judgemental manner, not to make assumptions when carrying out assessments and i ntervening with individuals and to keep an open mind. In addition social workers should, maintain adequate and accurate note keeping records and should ensure accountability when working in collaboration with other organisations. risk of exposure of infection and SafeguardingThe discussion of risk and safeguarding and allocation of resources is a reminder of the power that social workers hold. The assessment framework (Department of Health et al., 2000), attempted to move the focus from the assessment of risk of child abuse and significant harm (Department of Health, 2001) to one that was concern with the idea of risk of impairment to a childs overall development in the context of their family and community environment. (cited in Parton, 2010 p.7).Parton, (2010) discusses that by the early 1990s the child protection and child welfare systems could be characterised in terms of the need toidentify high risk cases so that these could be differentiated from the rest. According to Dal e et al., 1986 Parton and Parton, 1989, High-risk was conceptualised in terms of dangerousness, for it occurred in the underage minority of dangerous families, and such families were subject to extreme family dysfunctions and violent personalities and were seen as the primary cause of child abuse and needed to be identified so children could be protected. Government demandlines that specifically focused on the protection of children from abuse was reinforced further in the only official guide on the purpose and content of professional assessments from the Department of Health, (1998) guide, Protecting Children A Guide for Social Workers Undertaking a Comprehensive Assessment. The guide was specifically designed for social workers in cases where abuse was either substantiated or extremely suspected and was concerned with assessments for long-term planning in child protection cases. (Parton, 2010, p.6)So how can risk be identified? According to the (2003) special K Paper the risk characteristics of experiencing negative outcomes is concentrated in children with certain characteristics, and the more risk factors a child had, the more likely it was that they would experience negative outcomes for example poor parenting, crime and anti-social & deviant behaviour are seen to vie key roles and it is stated that identifying factors and intervening early provided a major scheme for overcoming the social exclusion of children and avoiding problems later in life. (cited in Parton, 2010, p.10)The Department of Health (Social Care impart for Excellence, 2005), following the introduction of the Children Act (1989) commissioned a series of research studies which reported an over-emphasis on issues of abuse and neglect at the expense of assessing and accompaniment families. The (SCIE) drafted the report Managing risk and minimising mistakes in services to children and families in 2005. The report based on a pilot study of organisational approaches to risk management and includes opportunities for learning from safeguarding incidents. The teams involved in the study were practitioners and service users recruited from England and Wales and fieldwork was conducted in July/August 2004 from both teams. Regarding theneeds assessment, the report mentions that assessing and safeguarding children from significant harm is complex, which style that border on misses involves cases where potential significant harm to children was overlooked.During the referral and assessment stage the near misses arise due to the prioritisation of casesprofessional not having an accurate or full picture of what is happening decisions made by other teams or agenciesThe report concludes that in relation to assessing the needs of children in particular the need to safeguard them from significant harm practitioners commentaries showed that near misses were a regular occurrence and were part and parcel of land of the job. The report also suggested that latent failures are emb edded in the system which include a lack of sufficient resources to meet the needs of children and families. (SCIE, 2005, p.35)The role of social work practice in childrens services in England has in relation to child protection seen a hammy change. Since late 2008, Parton (2010) mentions that following the Baby Ps tragic death, policy and practice have moved in new directions and the Children and Family Court advisory and hurt Service (CAFCASS, 2009) reported that there were nearly 50 per cent more care applications to court in the second half of 2008-09 compared with the jump half of that year. High-profile and very public criticisms of social workers and other health and welfare professionals in cases of child abuse put increasing pressure on child welfare services in the UK. (Parton, 1985 Butler and Drakeford, (2005). More lately the sentencing of 9 Asian men in the Rochdale Grooming case in which critics have highlighted further protection issues amongst professionals.So wi th clear messages from research, what is the best way for professionals to address issues of risk to children? The report focused primarily on brisk failures and it states that adept practice is to learn from past mistakes and a key room for learning is to harness the knowledge and expertise from service users and to improve assessment systems promoting the welfare of children and families. (SCIE, 2005). Social workers also need toknow why they are seeking a particular piece of information and how to process it disbelieving all the information from sources, being intuitive and thinking analytically and critically. master key issues in relation to rights of children and families and the assessment process.Jones (2001) mentions that social work assessment frameworks in general largely ignore the value of listening and forming supportive relationships, lessen the power of service users to express their concerns effectively, and adds that social workers often have to balance the ne eds and rights of the child with those of the parents. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) sets out the independent rights of the children, but it also states that the best interests of the child are normally served by supporting the childs family, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, (2005).The (JRF), 2005 study examined the tensions inherent in child and family policy, its implications of human rights legislation for policy development and the extent to which government has managed these responsibilities through the development of appropriate policies and structures for service delivery. The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), sets out the parents and children entitlements, including the right for respect for family life enshrined in Article (8).The (2005) study encourages a debate about managing the tensions between policies in support of children and those directed at parents and the family and concludes that contradictions and conflicts in policy in ch ildrens welfare eclipses parents rights, and there is no consistent overview of how interests of family members are managed across the generations. It also states that at local level, Childrens Trusts might be strengthened by changing their name to Children and Family Trusts encouraging holistic thinking and making their incarcerate explicit. Although the ECHR has been incorporate into domestic law through the Human Rights Act, its entitlements are not promoted in social policy and despite signing up to the CRC the government has not incorporated its articles into UK legislation. (JRF, 2005)It is important as part of the assessment process and for a good assessment to keep the focus of the child at the centre of the assessment process. Although this may be a problem with teenagers who are already going through changes and many of whom have estranged relationships with their parents and families. Studies note that there is sometimes an unwillingness of some social workers to interv ene with teenagers and evidence from dangerous Case Reviews indicate that suicide was a common cause of death with teenagers aged between the ages of 16 to 17 years of age. Social workers need to be aware of the dangers and of the impact of non-engagement with teenagers, and agencies need to have appropriate strategies and resources in place to address their needs (Brandon et al., 2008 and 2009 Hicks and Stein, 2010 Stein, 2007) (cited in Turney et al , (2011).The Turney et al, (2011) research article indicates that there are difficulties for many social workers in making and sustaining relationships with children and with representing the childs voice in assessments and evidence shows that on occasions practice has fallen short of the standard required. Helm (2011) writes that children and young people have clearly identified that professionals fail to really listen, not because of a lack of time, but because they focus on adults views and protect themselves from the difficult na ture of what they are being told. (p.908)Ferguson, (2001) mentions the difficulties that social workers and other professionals face in such cases of assessing the needs of children while at the same(p) time trying to engage a mother and father who dont always want the intervention, and research shows that there is considerable evidence that the nature of parental relationships with professionals affect decisions arising from assessments. Turney et al, (2011). Assessments of disable children raises a number of complexities and challenges for example the child developmental model underpinning the assessment framework can be seen by some social workers as not appropriate for disabled children (Cleaver et al.,2004 Mitchell and Sloper, 2008).Children need support at various stages of the assessment process so as to beable to exercise their own rights. (Butler & Williamson 1994, Darlymple & Hough 1995). The childs views whether expressed verbally or non-verbally and those of relevant pe ople in the childs life to the assessment is usually sought to get ideas about the best way of helping the child. (Coulshed and Orme, p.26). The assessments of parents relies on verbal communication, but if the parent has learning disabilities or there are language barriers communication could be misinterpreted.A qualitative study carried out by Walker (1999 a,b) in which 15 children aged between 12 and 15 were interviewed for the purpose of display childrens experiences of review meetings. Many of the children viewed assessment as formal and bureaucratic, which they utter took place on the adults terms, and many wanted to get away from the meetings as soon as possible. angiotensin-converting enzyme child described feeling as an outsider, when adults opened their diaries and planned the next meeting without consultation with the child. Some children felt the language used was difficult, and the aim of meetings was to talk about them and not with them. polishThe Assessment Framewo rk is underpinned by child development and an ecological framework developed in response to findings from a programme of research on child protection. It provides a systematic way for social workers to gather and probe information and recordings of what is happening to children and young people within their families and the wider community in which they live.Legislation and policy legitimises what actions social workers can take when undertaking assessments. There was an important shift under the New Labour Government in assessment with the Every Child Matters policy framework which was a direct response to the Climbie Report & the death of Victoria Climbie. The ECM framework joined-up childrens services under one roof, but it was only implemented in England, it was a considerable financial investment and established a child surveillance database and countless areas of activity were brigaded under the every child matters brand.inside 3 weeks of coming into office in May 2010, the C onservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition governments most urgent political priority was reducing the public finance debt. The government established an independent review of child protection chaired by Eileen Munro, which is the latest in a long line of policy initiatives in England. The new government dismantled the key elements of the ECM framework almost consigning the enormous ECM website to the archives.The Assessment Framework as a process appears to have been welcomed by professionals and service users, but there have been criticisms. Messages from research tell us that the issues raised from professionals regarding the assessment process were the time constraints and staff resources and usually when there are limited resources, thresholds are likely to be raised and organisations tend to ration responses to their services by prioritising cases, and Turney et al (2011) note that in cases where children are neglected or abused evidence shows that the help they received from ser vices was inadequate.Discussing take chances and Safeguarding according to Parton (2010) high risk in the early 1990s was conceptualised in terms of dangerousness and occurred in a small minority of dangerous families. But the 2003 Green Paper looks at certain characteristics associated with risk such as poor parenting or anti-social behaviour (deviance) as playing a key role in negative outcomes associated to risk. The Social Care Institute for Excellence 2005 study found that during the referral and assessment stages near misses occurred due to prioritisation over cases and professionals not having an accurate or full picture of what is happening in a childs life and that near misses were part and parcel of the job.The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child notes the best interests of the child are usually served by supporting the child and their family and although the European Convention on Human Rights sets out the parents and children entitlements in Article 8, according to a study conducted by the (2005) Joseph Rowntree Foundation study the entitlementsare not promoted to social policy and despite signing up to the CRC the government has not incorporated its articles into UK legislation.For good assessments it is important that social workers keep the focus on the children and young people and use intuitive skills even though there are difficulties in social work practice in making and sustaining relationships.ReferencesAhmad, A. (1990) pull with Care, capital of the United Kingdom, execute Equality Unit/National Institute for Social Work.Bartlett, H. (1970) The Common strand of Social Work Practice. New York National Association of Social Workers.Brandon, M., Bailey, S., Belderson, P., Gardner, R., Sidebotham, P., Dodsworth, J., Warren, C. and Black, J. (2009) understand spartan Case Reviews and their impact A Biennial digest of Serious Case Reviews 2005-07. Research Report DCSF-RR129. University of eastern hemisphere Anglia.Brand on, M., Belderson, P., Warren, C., Howe, D., Gardner, R., Dodsworth, J and Black, J. (2008). Analysing Child Deaths and Serious Injury through Abuse and Neglect What Can We Learn? A biennial analysis of serious case reviews 2003-2005. Research Report DCSF-RR023. University of atomic number 99 Anglia.Butler, I. And Drakeford, M. (2005) Scandal Social Policy and Social Welfare, Bristol, Policy Press.Butler, I & Hickman C. (2011). Social Work with Children and Families Getting into Practice. Third edition. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. LondonButler, I. & Williamson, H. (1994), Children speak, Children, trauma and social work. Essex Longman nurture and Reference.Cleaver, H., and Walker, S. (2003) From policy to practice the implementation of a new framework for social work assessments of children and families. Child and Family Social Work 2004, 9, pp 81-90. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Cleaver, H. & Walker, S. with Meadows, P. (2004) Assessing Childrens needfully and Circumstances The Imp act of the Assessment Framework. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Coulshed,V and Orme, J. (1998) Social Work Practice an introduction, Basingstoke Macmillan.Dale, P., Davies, M., Morrison, T. and Waters, J. (1986) Dangerous Families Assessment and Treatment of Child Abuse, London, Tavistock.Dalrymple, J. & Hough, J. (eds) (1995), Having a Voice. An Exploration of Childrens Rights and Advocacy. Birmingham Venture Press.Davies, M. (1997) (ed) The Blackwell Companion to Social Work. Oxford Blackwell.Department of Health (1995) Child tribute Messages from Research. HMSO, London.Department of Health (1988) Protecting Children A Guide for Social Workers undertaking a comprehensive assessment. London HMSODepartment of Health, Department for Education and Employment, Home Office. (2000). Framework for the assessment of children in need and their families, London The Stationery Office.Every Child Matters Green Paper, Retrieved, 30th May 2012 from http//publications.everychildmatters.gov.u kHelm, D. (2011) Judgements or Assumptions? The Role of Analysis in AssessingChildren and Young Peoples Needs. British daybook of Social Work, 41, 894-911Hoyle, D. (2008). Problematizing Every Child Matters the encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved June 8th 2012 from http//www.infed.orgJones, C. (2001) Voices from the front line state social workers and New Labour, British ledger of Social Workers, 31 (4), pp. 547-562.Jones, P. (2011) What are Childrens Rights? Contemporary Developments and Debates. Part One Chapter Overview. Retrieved, 29th May 2012 from http//www.sagepub.comJoseph Rowntree Foundation. (2005). Findings Informing Change Human Rights obligations and policy supporting children and families. Retrieved, 29th May 2012 from www.jrf.org.ukMitchell, W. and Sloper, P. (2008) The Integrated Childrens System and Disabled Children. Child and Family Social Work, 13 (3) 274-285.Parker, J. (2007) Chapter 11 the process of social work Assessment, Planning, interjection a nd Review. In, Lymbery, Mark & Postle, Karen (Eds.), Social Work a companion to learning, pp. 111-122, London SAGE Publications Ltd.Parker, J and Bradley, G. (2005) Social Work Practice Assessment, Planning, Intervention and Review. nurture Matters.Parton, C. and Parton, N. (1989) Child Protection, the law and dangerousness, in O. Stevenson (ed), Child Abuse Public Policy and Professional Practice, Hemel Hempstead, Harvester-Wheatsheaf.Parton, N. (1985). The Politics of Child Abuse, Basingstoke, Macmillan.Parton, N. (2006). Safeguarding Childhood Early Intervention and superintendence in a late Modern smart set. Palgrave/Macmillan BasingstokeParton, N. (2010). Child Protection and Safeguarding in England Changing and Competing Conceptions of Risk and their Implications for Social Work. British Journal of Social Work 2010, pp, 1-22Parton, N. (2012). The Munro Review of Child Protection An Appraisal. Policy Review. Children & Society Volume 26, (2012) pp. 150-162Preston-Shoot, M. (2 003) A matter of record? Practice, 15 (3) 31-50Smale,G., Tuson, G., Biehal, N. and Marsh, P. (1993) Empowerment, Assessment, Care focussing and the Skilled Worker, London, The Stationery Office.Social Care Institute for Excellence (2005). Managing risk and minimising mistakes in services to children and families. Children and Families Services Report 6. The Policy PressSocial Services Inspectorate (1997a) Assessment, Planning and Decision-Making, Family Support Services. Department of Health, London.Social Services Inspectorate (1997b) Messages from Inspections Child Protection Inspections 1992/1996. Department of Health, London.Stein, M., Hicks, L., Rees, G. and Gorin, S. (2007) A Review of the Literature on the eagerness of Guidance for Multi-Disciplinary Teams and a Guide for Young People. (Confidential Draft)Turney, D., Platt, D., Selwyn, J., & Farmer, E. (March 2011) Social work assessment of children in need what do we know? Messages from Research Executive succinct School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol. Accessed 29th May 2011.Walker, S. (1999 a), Children looked after their involvement and perceptions of decision-making. University of East AngliaWalker, S. (1999 b), Childrens perspectives on attending statutory reviews, in Schemmings, D. (eds.) Involving Children in Family Support and Child Protection. London The Stationary Office.White, S.,Wastell. D., Broadhurst, K., and Hall, D. (2010) When policy overlaps itself The tragic tale of the integrated childrens system. Critical Social Policy 30, 3, 405-429.