Mitochondria And Chloroplast Essay :: essays research papers fc

I. psychiatric hospital     Out of solely the organelles there ar two that have fascinated microbiologists for the past hundred years. Thefirst is the mitochondria, nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell." The secondis the chlorop locomote in dress cells that have makes similar to those of themitochondria. What do these organelles do? What be the similarities and differencesof these organelles? This essay allow for help you to understand these two fascinatingorganelles.II. Mitochondria     Mitochondria argon small cytoplasmic organelles.They are five to 10 micrometers long and one to .5 micrometers wide. They mainfunction is to provide energy for cell activities. They house the respiratoryenzymes that convert type O and the products of fat, carbohydrate, and proteinmetabolism into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP),chemicals that have high-energy bonds. They are hollow all except for a foldedline of mat ter that contains the ribonucleic sultry (RNA) or deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) of the cell.     Mitochondrion make use of a make for known as oxidationto make fat acids and pyruvate acid into (indirectly) ATP and Pi (inorganicphosphate). The process goes as follows1)       oxidization of pyruvate acidinto acetyl radical coenzyme A. 2)      Oxidation of fat acids into acetyl coenzyme A.3)     Oxidationof acetyl coenzymes from step one and two into CO2 and NADH2.4)      Oxidationof NADH2 by oxygen forming water.5)      Synthesis of ATP coupled to NADH2 oxidationby process of oxidative phosphorylation.Most of this is self explanatoryexcept for the last step (5). The final step contains a phrase "coupled to."This manner that the compound (NADH2) must be present and have been oxidizedfor the implication of ATP, similar to a catalysts presence of some reactions .     Althoughthe mitochondrions major purpose is to interpret the cell with the much neededATP, it has others. Included in this list are nitrogen metabolism, porphyrin discount and steroid hormone synthesis.III. Chloroplasts     Chloroplastsare complicated common organelles that occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells.They are the main sites of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the veer of abstemious energy, CO2 water into sugar which is used as food. They are disk shapedorganelles and are surrounded by two layers of membrane that enclose the wateryinside or stroma. Inside the stroma there are green dots called grana (grains)that hold chlorophyll.     As with the mitochondrion the Chloroplasts use radiantor solar energy to make a product. In this case hexose.1) The paint complexesin the chloroplasts (including but not limited to chlorophyll) collect      solarenergy.2) The light energy gathered in the first step is used to press an electrontransport chain that      oxidizes water into 0xygen. NADP is reduced.3) ATPsynthesis is coupled to the electron transport train.