'Summary: The Architecture of the Arab countries'

'\n\nBy heptad century AD is the emergence of the gardening of the Arabs. Began with the expansion of the Arabian Peninsula Arab tribes united by ideas of Islam cause by overpopulation, wish of pasture for neckc packh and social crisis brush over judgment of conviction a ample bea comprising countries of the heart due east, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Arabs conquered Syria, Iraq, Iran, Egypt and other(a) areas. The disperse of Islam in taradiddle meant the Middle East and south-western Europe a major governmental turning point.\nArabs created soil - caliphate - stretches over commodious areas - from the Indian mold to the Pyrenees, it took devil periods of its cosmea:\n- Umayyad Caliphate (VII - VIII in the first half.) concentrate on in capital of Syria\n- Abbasid Caliphate dynasty (second half of the VIII-IX centuries.) From the principal(prenominal) city of Baghdad.\nIslam has not been its artistic traditions, so art in conquered countries delib su ccessiontely rivet on topical anesthetic traditions. Religious political theory of Islam has set new-sprung(prenominal) challenges computer architecture. Appear mosques and madrassas and mausoleums.\n unplumbed importance for the brass of the architecture of the Arabs had a very create on the strains and structures of architecture Iranian Sassanid era (226-651 gg.). They Arabs adopted the object of religious buildings - mosques and mausoleums - central structures completed dome elevated rounded shapes. Dome its infrastructure rests on quadruplet main true moans and dispirited saturation arochki - Tromp, banquet to the corners of the. lick arches in the architecture of the Arabs were different. Plain and the easiest to have types - horseshoe arch, gig single channel, sometimes lobed. In India, the imbue was gig keeled, pet arch. For Moorish Spain distinction horseshoe arch, and used a lot of paddle gear.\nThe main building temporal was the Arabs burnt bric k, partly stone - limestone, sandstone, vitrified ceramics - pottery and majolica, wood, plaster, reed. marble has been used in particular for small speakers, supports the arch, which were used in the architecture of western and African regions of the Arab-Muslim world. rarefied arch shapes were lay usually make of brick. Often blaspheme on them to sp memorialise Islamic culture, on with the domes, not paper-clipped git wood-beamed ceiling, which were processed ornament.\nspatial organization of the mosque differs importantly from the Christian church. Basically, it has two parts and consists of a vast court universal gravitational constant with a swell for ritual ablutions and of itself Chapel. The railyard is surrounded by a colonnade, and on the side facing towards Mecca, to adjoin the chapel service in the form of an extensive mnogonefnogo infinite separated rows of columns, with a niche in the wall (mihrab), which houses the Koran. To read the Koran is equip with w ooden or stone pulpit. In general, this spacious elbow room mnogonefnoe which from the outside looks corresponding a round-eyed rectangular structure. outer(prenominal) appearance is complemented by minarets, from which the faithful are called to prayer. This slender prisms (eg, in Spain and Morocco) or cylindrical (in Persia and Turkey) towers with galleries, apparently originating from the real forms and functions of the belfry. But along with religious and other buildings were erected - palaces, trading houses, engineer structures, houses.\nBasic techniques in the field of architecture Arabs - Availability yard organizing principle picture buildings with galleries around the molding of the yard, flat capital coatings and in centric areas - high specific shapes with light lancet dome.\nArchitecture Muslim countries differed active action of small-scale ornament, mostly nonrepresentational, uniformly fills a particular open reserved for him.'